Your journey, our Science
In Conversation With Our Experts

Interview with Professor Bozena Cukrowska, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine, paediatrician, immunologist, microbiota researcher, and Lead Scientist at Nordic Biotic, a key collaborator.
1. What is the connection between gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in obesity?
Gut or intestinal dysbiosis, defined as a disturbance in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its activity, leads to damage to the gut epithelial barrier and improper activation of the immune system.
Increased permeability of the gut barrier, also known as “leaky gut,” allowing toxins and pathogens to pass through the intestinal barrier to the bloodstream, triggers low-grade systemic inflammation.
This is a key driver of obesity and obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or cardiovascular diseases.
2. How does gut microbiome influence nutrient absorption?
The gut microbiota significantly impacts energy balance by affecting both energy intake and expenditure, and it does this through various mechanisms. These include increasing energy extraction from food, producing signalling molecules that regulate appetite and metabolism, and influencing the gut-brain axis.
In obesity, altered gut microbiota, often with reduced diversity, can increase calorie extraction, which causes a positive energy balance and weight gain.
3. What roles do short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play in gut and metabolic health?
SCFAs like butyrate, acetate, and propionate, produced by bacterial fermentation of fibre, play a crucial role in gut health. They provide energy for intestinal epithelial cells, strengthen the gut barrier, and help regulate inflammation. SCFAs also influence glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and appetite regulation.
4. Can probiotics influence gut barrier integrity in obese individuals?
In obesity, probiotic strains that boost SCFA production, especially butyrate, can significantly support epithelial barrier integrity. Certain probiotics can reinforce tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and reduce gut permeability. Thus, such probiotic strains can prevent the “leaky gut” phenomenon associated with obesity and obesity-related disorders.
5. What fascinates you most about the gut microbiome?
Its complexity and plasticity. It changes with diet, age, and environment - yet remains incredibly resilient. Understanding how to guide it toward health is both challenging and deeply rewarding.

Interview with Dr. Peter Kaufmann, (ETH, Zurich)
Chief Scientific Officer and Chief Operating Officer, Azento Health
1. What did you focus on when formulating Forte80™?
We started with the clinical problem: GLP-1-induced GI side effects and the need to support gut health during weight loss. We then selected strains with known activity in modulating inflammation, motility, and microbial balance, aiming for a synergistic effect.
2. Why is a high CFU count important in probiotics like Forte80™?
To exert a meaningful effect, probiotics must reach the gut in sufficient quantity. An 80B CFU dose together with innovative, state-of-the-art capsule technology, gives us confidence that enough viable organisms survive gastric passage and engage with the host microbiome.
3. Why did you select the specific strains in the Forte80 formulation?
In an AI-supported meta-analysis of over 250 studies, we selected bacterial strains that have shown specific effects against GI-AE during GLP-1 treatment like nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, bloating etc.
4. How do probiotics interact with GLP-1 medications mechanistically?
They are thought to support microbial stability and help mitigate changes induced by slower GI motility. In addition, probiotics may counteract constipation, diarrhoea, bloating, and nausea, improving adherence to GLP-1 therapy.
5. What fascinates you most about the gut microbiome?
I studied microbiology and food science at ETH because of my fascination with biology and how our body works. The gut is like a second brain - dynamic, adaptable, and interconnected with every system in the body. To me, it represents the next frontier in preventive and personalised medicine.

Jesper Gantzel
Chairman of the Board, Azento Health
1. Why did you support launching a gut-focused product like Forte80™?
From a strategic and commercial view, we saw a clear unmet need. GLP-1s are powerful tools, but dropout rates are high due to side effects. Supporting the gut means supporting long-term success for patients achieving their goals for a better and healthier future - and that’s where Azento Health and Forte80™ fit in.
2. What excites you about the convergence of pharmaceuticals and microbiome science?
It’s a paradigm shift. We're moving from treating symptoms to restoring balance. The microbiome adds a new layer to drug response and opens doors for adjunctive therapies that are natural, safe, and effective. We are seeing only the tip of the iceberg, and with the Azento Health scientific approach, we will drive this shift.
3. What role do you see for probiotics in the future of weight management?
I believe they’ll be core components of personalised obesity care.
As we understand individual microbiome profiles better, targeted probiotic interventions could become part of standard protocols of weight management together with GLP-1s and all the new innovative weight management drugs that will come to the market in the next 5-10 years. Weight loss is having a major impact on the general digestive system, and here the Azento Health patent-deposited probiotics have a central role to play.
4. Why is consumer education so important in this space?
Because the microbiome is complex and often misunderstood. We need to empower consumers with facts, not fads, so they can make informed choices. That’s why transparency and scientific integrity are at the core of our company and brand.
5. What fascinates you most about the gut microbiome?
Its untapped potential. I’ve been working in this area for over 25 years, and we’re only beginning to see how it influences everything from immunity to mood. For me, being part of a company that helps translate that science into real-world impact is deeply motivating.